I don't think there is enough enidevce to conclude that the mere notion [that the average female is less adept at math than the average male] is complete bullbrown. You raise some possible theories about why women might be less inclined to choose careers in math and science, but neither those points nor the points raised by Summers can be dismissed. They merit further study.Also, some of the points you raise hold true for both men and women. For example, there are plenty of boys with good grades who reach high school and realize, Ugh. I hate math. And while boys in the U.S. may have had Mr. Wizard and Bill Nye as role models, girls in the U.K. had Carol Vorderman. Do TV role models really make *that* much of a difference?